{"id":19150,"date":"2022-02-13T23:58:33","date_gmt":"2022-02-13T15:58:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nusit.nus.edu.sg\/?p=19150"},"modified":"2024-12-24T11:00:41","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T03:00:41","slug":"creating-your-own-private-hpc-in-the-cloud","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nusit.nus.edu.sg\/hpc\/creating-your-own-private-hpc-in-the-cloud\/","title":{"rendered":"Creating Your Own Private HPC In The Cloud"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"19150\" class=\"elementor elementor-19150\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-47c41818 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"47c41818\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 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.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d09f72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d09f72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span>Creating Your Own Private HPC In The Cloud<\/span><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6912daa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6912daa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:group --><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\">\n<p><!-- wp:freeform --><\/p>\n<h4><em style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">Yeo Eng Hee, Research Computing, NUS IT.<\/em><\/h4>\n<p>Have you ever wished to easily set up your own private HPC server in the cloud to run your computations without getting professional help?\u00a0 And after you are done with your computations, destroy everything so that you do not have to pay for idle cloud resources?<\/p>\n<p>Here in NUS IT\u2019s Research Computing team, we have been exploring and using the cloud for about 5 years, and even though the cloud has many tools to help a tech-savvy person learn and get started, we realise that for many others, there is a relatively steep learning curve.<\/p>\n<p>To complicate matters further, there are now many competing public cloud providers, and each provider has their own tools for managing their cloud resources.\u00a0 This means that for the average researcher, there will be another learning curve when switching to another cloud provider.<br \/><br \/><\/p>\n<h5><strong>Terraform \u2013 A Third Party Tool<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Therefore, there is a need for a common tool that can be used to manage the different environments from the different cloud providers.\u00a0 Terraform by HashiCorp is such a tool, and it supports not only the major cloud providers (AWS, Azure, Google) but also many others, including Oracle, IBM, Digital Ocean, etc.\u00a0 Terraform is also open-source, and can be downloaded for individual use.<\/p>\n<p>Terraform is rapidly becoming one of the popular tools to manage not just public cloud infrastructure, but also private ones, network appliances, software-as-a-service (SaaS) and platform-as-a-service (PaaS)<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a>.\u00a0 Terraform uses an easy-to-read configuration language that is used to declare the cloud resources, very similar to the common JSON format.\u00a0 Therefore, \u00a0it is easy to learn and modify.<\/p>\n<p>In the subsequent paragraphs, we show how Terraform can be used to easily deploy a complete VPC with a running server instance, which can also be easily destroyed after it is not needed.<br \/><br \/><\/p>\n<h5><strong>A Sample Terraform Configuration<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>The code below shows how, with a few lines, Terraform can be used to define an EC2 instance in the AWS cloud:<\/p>\nterraform {<br \/>\u00a0 required_providers {<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 aws = {<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 source\u00a0 = &#8220;hashicorp\/aws&#8221;<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 version = &#8220;~&gt; 3.27&#8221;<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 }<br \/>\u00a0 }<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\">\u00a0 required_version = &#8220;&gt;= 0.14.9&#8221;<br \/>}<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\">provider &#8220;aws&#8221; {\n<p>\u00a0 profile = &#8220;nus-it-hpc&#8221;<br \/>\u00a0 region\u00a0 = &#8220;ap-southeast-1&#8221;<br \/>}<\/p>\n<p>resource &#8220;aws_instance&#8221; &#8220;app_server_intel&#8221; {<br \/>\u00a0 ami = &#8220;ami-055d15d9cfddf7bd3&#8221;<br \/>\u00a0 instance_type = &#8220;m6i.metal&#8221;<br \/>\u00a0 tags = {<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Name = &#8220;My Intel Server&#8221;<br \/>\u00a0 }<br \/>}<\/p>\n<p>The first section defines the \u201cterraform\u201d parameters, including the \u201cprovider\u201d which, in this case, is \u201caws\u201d.\u00a0 The provider is plugin written by Terraform to interact with the appropriate cloud providers, and is access from the source, which is the Terraform Registry, as \u201chashicorp\/aws\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The next section defines the parameters needed by the provider, namely the AWS profile (this is defined when you configure your AWS CLI on your desktop) and the region where the cloud resource is to be created.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the third section defines the EC2 instance and specifies the AMI and the instance type required.<\/p>\n<p>As shown in the example above, the Terraform declarative language is easy to understand and helps to keep all the cloud resources defined within the same project files.\u00a0 The full set of Terraform code to launch a working EC2 instance in the cloud can be found here:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/enghee\/terraform-aws-ec2-single-instance.git\">https:\/\/github.com\/enghee\/terraform-aws-ec2-single-instance.git<\/a><br \/><br \/><\/p>\n<h5><strong>Running the Terraform commands<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>The Terraform command line can be downloaded and installed from the following web page:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terraform.io\/downloads\">https:\/\/www.terraform.io\/downloads<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Once it is installed, go to the folder with the Terraform files (usually main.tf and other files with similar extension), and run the following commands:<\/p>\n<p>To initialise Terraform and install the correct provider plugins:<\/p>\n<pre>terraform init<\/pre>\n<p>To build the cloud resources:<\/p>\n<pre>terraform plan<br \/>terraform apply<\/pre>\n<p>To destroy the cloud resources:<\/p>\n<pre>terraform destroy<\/pre>\n<p>As shown above, Terraform is not only easy to understand, it is also easy to run.<\/p>\n<h5><strong><br \/>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>With Terraform, it is easy to start building your own cloud infrastructure.\u00a0 HashiCorp also provide tutorials to help you get started and reduce your learning curve.\u00a0 You can visit their tutorial at: <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.hashicorp.com\/terraform\">https:\/\/learn.hashicorp.com\/terraform<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Once you are familiar with the language, and ready to explore more of Terraform, go over to their Terraform Registry to see how others have written their infrastructure-as-code using Terraform and use those to create your own code to suit your needs!<\/p>\n<h5><strong><br \/>References<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a> See reference: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terraform_(software)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:freeform --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/wp:group --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a6cea1b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a6cea1b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c6aaf70\" data-id=\"c6aaf70\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b2cfaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6b2cfaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div 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